Holographic complexity in general quadratic curvature theory of gravity

In the context of CA conjecture for holographic complexity, we study the action growth rate at late time approximation for general quadratic curvature theory of gravity. We show how the Lloyd's bound saturates for charged and neutral black hole solutions. We observe that a second singular point may modify the action growth rate to a value other than the Lloyd's bound. Moreover, we find the universal terms that appear in the divergent part of complexity from computing the bulk and joint terms on a regulated WDW patch.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures; v3. Subsection 2.5 modified and more discussions on the second singularity in new subsection 2.6 added. Accepted for publication in EPJ

Multicast Energy Aware Routing in Wireless Networks

Multicasting is a service for disseminating data to a group of hostsand it is of paramount importance in applications with a close collabo-ration of network hosts. Due to limited energy available in the wirelessdevices, energy management is one of the most important problems inwireless networks. Energy aware routing strategies help us to mini-mize the energy costs for communication as much as possible and toincrease the network lifetime. In this paper, we address the problemof energy efficient routing to increase the lifetime of the network. Wepresent three new strategies for online multicast energy aware routingin wireless networks to increase the network lifetime

Syntactic Proofs for Yablo’s Paradoxes in Temporal Logic

Temporal logic is of importance in theoretical computer science for its application in formal verification, to state requirements of hardware or software systems. Linear temporal logic is an appropriate logical environment to formalize Yablo’s paradox which is seemingly non-self-referential and basically has a sequential structure. We give a brief review of Yablo’s paradox and its various versions. Formalization of these paradoxes yields some theorems in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) for which we give syntactic proofs using an appropriate axiomatization of LTL

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root from different varieties of Labisa pumila Benth.

A local herb, Kacip Fatimah, is famous amongst Malay women for its uses in parturition; however, its phytochemical contents have not been fully documented. Therefore, a study was performed to evaluate the phenolics, flavonoids, and total saponin contents, and antibacterial and antifungal properties of the leaf, stem and root of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. Total saponins were found to be higher in the leaves of all three varieties, compared to the roots and stems. Leaves of var. pumila exhibited significantly higher total saponin content than var. alata and lanceolata, with values of 56.4, 43.6 and 42.3 mg diosgenin equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. HPLC analyses of phenolics and flavonoids in all three varieties revealed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and myricetin in all plant parts. Higher levels of flavonoids (rutin, quercitin, kaempferol) were observed in var. pumila compared with alata and lanceolata, whereas higher accumulation of phenolics (gallic acid, pyrogallol) was recorded in var. alata, followed by pumila and lanceolata. Antibacterial activities of leaf, stem and root extracts of all varieties determined against both Gram positive (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis B145, Bacillus cereus B43, Staphylococcus aureus S1431) and Gram negative (Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia K36, Escherichia coli E256, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PI96) pathogens showed that crude methanolic extracts are active against these bacteria at low concentrations, albeit with lower antibacterial activity compared to kanamycin used as the control. Antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of all plant parts against Fusarium sp., Candida sp. and Mucor using the agar diffusion disc exhibited moderate to appreciable antifungal activities compared to streptomycin used as positive control

El papel de la enseñanza de matemáticas basada en problemas de acuerdo con el modelo de Kirkpatrick sobre el desempeño de resolución de problemas de los profesores de matemáticas

The process of evaluation is essentially the process of determining the realization of the educational goals in real terms through curriculum and education and represents the changes that occur in human behavior. Therefore, it is necessary that at the end of each training course (such as training classes, workshops, and training seminars), the teacher or evaluators, evaluate the implemented training program. In the curriculum approaches, learning the problem-solving ability is the ultimate goal of mathematics education. This skill requires empowering teachers with problem solving skills as one of the optimal ways to use capacities and to achieve educational goals. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to examine the problem-based mathematics teaching according to the Krikpatrick's model on problem-solving performance of mathematics teachers. The research design was of a pretest-posttest type with a control group. Using simple random sampling method, 100 male and female mathematics teachers, teaching mathematics at the middle school, were selected from Rabat Karim city, Tehran province. In pre-test and post-test of the traditional teaching and problem-solving based teaching in mathematics, data were collected through mathematical problem-solving performance test and Kirkpatrick's four-level questionnaire. Using SPSS software and R software, the results showed a significant difference between the scores of problem-solving performances between the two groups of control and experiment after the training, and through the equations, we showed that each level of the Kirkpatrick's model has a positive effect on the post-test scores of mathematics teachers.El proceso de evaluación es esencialmente el proceso de determinar la realización de los objetivos educativos en términos reales a través del currículo y la educación, y representa los cambios que ocurren en el comportamiento humano. Por lo tanto, es necesario que al final de cada curso de capacitación (como clases de capacitación, talleres y seminarios de capacitación), el maestro o evaluadores evalúen el programa de capacitación implementado. En los enfoques curriculares, aprender la capacidad de resolución de problemas es el objetivo final de la educación matemática. Esta habilidad requiere empoderar a los maestros con habilidades de resolución de problemas como una de las formas óptimas para usar las capacidades y alcanzar metas educativas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar la enseñanza de las matemáticas basada en problemas de acuerdo con el modelo de Krikpatrick sobre el rendimiento en la resolución de problemas de los profesores de matemáticas. El diseño de la investigación fue de un tipo de prueba previa y posterior con un grupo de control. Usando un método de muestreo aleatorio simple, se seleccionaron 100 maestros de matemáticas masculinos y femeninos, que enseñan matemáticas en la escuela secundaria, de la ciudad de Rabat Karim, provincia de Teherán. En las pruebas previas y posteriores de la enseñanza tradicional basada en la enseñanza de la resolución de problemas en matemáticas, los datos se recopilaron mediante la prueba de rendimiento de la resolución de problemas matemáticos y el cuestionario de cuatro niveles de Kirkpatrick. Usando el software SPSS y el software R, los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los puntajes de desempeño de resolución de problemas entre los dos grupos de control y experimento después del entrenamiento, y a través de las ecuaciones, demostramos que cada nivel del modelo de Kirkpatrick tiene un efecto positivo en las puntuaciones posteriores a la prueba de los profesores de matemáticas

Effects of dietary energy and protein dilution and time of feed replacement from starter to grower on broiler chickens performance

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary energy and protein dilution and time of feed replacement from starter to grower on performance of broilers with a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 480 day-old broilers from 1-42 day of age. Experimental treatments were 5% energy and protein diluted diets and starter diet was fed to 7, 14 or 21 days and finisher diet was fed beginning at 35 days. Grower diet was fed for variable times depending upon termination of feeding starter diet and initiation of finisher diet. Dilution of both energy and protein had no (P>0.05) significant effect on chicks performance, but significantly (P<0.05) increased breast meat yield. Reduction the time of feeding starter diet did not show any significant effects on bird\u27s performance. From 1-42 days of age, the interaction between dilution of both energy and protein and changing time from starter to grower diets on body weight and feed intake was not significant(P<0.05). The results from this study suggest that diluting of both energy and protein up to 5% from 1-42 days of age and decreasing the time of starter diet had no adverse effect on broiler chickens performance and it may be beneficial economically

An Estimation of Tax Evasion in Iran

The aim of this research is to estimate the size of tax evasion between 1971 and 2007 in Iran. Among the present direct and indirect approaches, the indirect approach presented by Tanzi based on currency demand, is used to estimate the size of the underground economy, then taking the effective tax rate into consideration, the amount of the underground economy taxes. Our results show that the size of the underground economy is increasing in a long-term trend and also the ratio of the underground economy to gross domestic product has increased during the period under consideration. Our findings also indicate that tax evasion has markedly increased during the period. Therefore, policies to alleviate the tax evasion in the country should be implemented by policy makers